How Peripheral Neuropathy Is Diagnosed and Treated

Peripheral neuropathy is a situation that affects the peripheral nervous system, which consists of nerves that transmit information between the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the rest of the body. 

It is characterized by damage or dysfunction of these nerves, leading to a range of symptoms, like numbness, tingling, and weakness in the limbs, as well as pain and sensitivity to touch.

There are many types of peripheral neuropathy with varying causes and symptoms. Some common types include:

1. Diabetic neuropathy: This type of neuropathy is caused by high blood sugar levels associated with diabetes. It can affect nerves in the feet, legs, and hands and can cause symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and pain.

2. The Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is an inherited form of peripheral neuropathy that affects the nerves that control muscle movement. It can cause muscle weakness and atrophy in the legs, arms, and hands.

3. Guillain-Barre syndrome: This autoimmune disorder can cause rapid onset of muscle weakness and paralysis, often starting in the legs and spreading to the upper body.

4. Carpal tunnel syndrome: This type of neuropathy affects the median nerve in the wrist, leading to numbness and tingling in the hands and fingers.

Peripheral neuropathy can be caused by several factors, including:

1. Diabetes: High blood sugar levels associated with diabetes can damage nerves over time.

2. Infections: Viral and bacterial infections can cause inflammation and damage peripheral nerves.

3. Trauma: Injuries like fractures or compression injuries can damage nerves and lead to peripheral neuropathy.

4. Toxins: Exposure to toxins, such as chemicals and heavy metals, can damage nerves and lead to peripheral neuropathy.

5. Autoimmune disorders: Conditions such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren's syndrome can cause damage to peripheral nerves.

Peripheral Neuropathy Diagnosis 

To diagnose peripheral neuropathy, your doctor will likely start with a thorough physical exam and medical history review. During the exam, your doctor will check your reflexes, muscle strength, coordination, and skin and tendon reflexes.

Your doctor may also recommend some tests, including:

1. Nerve conduction studies: These tests measure the speed and strength of electrical signals traveling through your nerves.

2. Electromyography (EMG): This test measures the electrical activity of your muscles when they're at rest and contracting.

3. Blood tests: Your doctor may order blood tests to check for conditions that can cause peripheral neuropathy, such as diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, and autoimmune disorders.

4. Imaging tests: CT scans, MRI scans, and ultrasounds can help identify structural abnormalities in your nerves, muscles, or bones.

5. Nerve biopsy: In rare cases, a small sample of nerve tissue may be removed and examined under a microscope to identify the cause of the neuropathy.

The specific tests ordered will depend on your individual symptoms and medical history. Once the underlying cause of your peripheral neuropathy is identified, your doctor will work with you to develop a treatment plan.

Peripheral Neuropathy treatment 

The treatment of peripheral neuropathy depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Treatment aims to manage symptoms, prevent further nerve damage, and improve quality of life. Here are some common treatments for peripheral neuropathy:

1. Medications: Pain relievers, like acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and opioids, may be used to manage pain associated with peripheral neuropathy. Sometimes, antidepressants or anticonvulsants may also be prescribed to help control nerve pain.

2. Topical treatments: Capsaicin cream and lidocaine patches can be applied directly to the injured spot to help relieve pain and numbness.

3. Physical therapy: Physical therapy may be recommended to improve muscle strength and coordination and to reduce the risk of falls and injuries.

4. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS): TENS is a non-invasive therapy that involves applying electrical currents to the skin to help relieve pain and improve nerve function.

5. Lifestyle changes: Managing underlying conditions, such as diabetes or autoimmune disorders, can help prevent further nerve damage. Quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, and exercising regularly can also help improve nerve health.

6. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to relieve pressure on nerves or repair nerve damage.

It's important to note that not all cases of peripheral neuropathy can be cured or fully treated. However, with proper management and care, many people with peripheral neuropathy can improve their symptoms and quality of life.

Peripheral Neuropathy Treatment in Cincinnati

If you are experiencing symptoms of peripheral neuropathy, it is essential to seek medical attention from your healthcare provider as soon as possible. Early detection and treatment can help prevent further nerve damage and improve your quality of life.

Additionally, if you have an underlying condition such as diabetes or an autoimmune disorder, it is essential to manage these conditions to prevent further nerve damage.

If you have been diagnosed with peripheral neuropathy, working closely with your healthcare provider to determine the best treatment for your needs is essential. This may include medications, physical therapy, lifestyle changes, and/or surgery.

Remember that managing peripheral neuropathy is a process that takes time and effort. It's essential to stay committed to your treatment plan, attend all follow-up appointments, and communicate regularly with your healthcare provider about any changes or concerns.

By actively managing your peripheral neuropathy, we can help improve your symptoms and quality of life. Don't hesitate to contact Renew Medical Centre for help and support in managing this condition.